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| 1906 |
| | | Transvaal is given the self-governing status promised in the treaty ending the Boer War | |
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| 1907 |
| | | The Transvaal government presents to Edward VII the Cullinan diamond, now part of the British crown jewels | |
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| 1909 |
| | | National delegates from the four provincial parliaments draw up a draft constitution for a South African union | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Mineral discoveries on the border of Northern Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo give the first hint of the riches of the Copper Belt | |
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| 1910 |
| | | The Union of South Africa becomes an independent dominion within the British empire | |
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| 1910 |
| | | Three French colonies south of the Sahara are consolidated as French Equatorial Africa | |
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| 1910 |
| | | Louis Botha is prime minister of the newly formed Union of South Africa, with Jan Smuts as his minister of interior and defence | |
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| 1912 |
| | | German scientist Alfred Wegener, impressed by the neat fit between the coasts of Africa and South America, proposes the theory of continental drift | |
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| 1912 |
| | | France and Spain agree that Spain shall become the colonial power in the north of Morocco and France in the south | |
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| 1912 |
| | | The South African National Native Congress (subsequently the ANC, African National Congress) is set up in Cape Province | |
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